API Testing

API testing is a type of software testing that involves testing application programming interfaces (APIs) directly and as part of integration testing to determine if they meet expectations for functionality, reliability, performance, and security. Since APIs lack a GUI, API testing is performed at the message layer.

Q.1 Why API testing is required?

API testing enables the tester to secure requests that might not be allowed through the UI, which is essential for detecting potential security defects in an application. Because differences in software occur at such a speedy pace today, it's significant to have tests that give fast feedback for developers and testers.

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Q.2 What are Web APIs applied for?

Web APIs are very helpful in implementation of RESTFUL web services utilizing .NET framework. Web API assists in facilitating the development of HTTP services to stand out to client things like devices, browser, or tablets. ASP.NET Web API can be practiced with MVC for any type of administration.

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Q.3 What are the devices utilized for API testing?

SoapUI Pro PostMan Alertsite API monitoring

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Q.4 What is API testing?

API testing is a type of software testing that focuses on testing the Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to ensure their functionality, reliability, security, and performance. It involves sending requests to APIs and verifying the responses.

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Q.5 Does API testing require coding?

The testing does not constitute the source code. The API testing program helps to thoroughly understand the functionalities, testing methods, input parameters and the performance of test cases. Complete the test cases and compare expected and real results.

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Q.6 What are the key components of an API test case?

An API test case typically consists of the following components: Endpoint: The URL or URI of the API being tested. HTTP method: The type of request being sent, such as GET, POST, PUT, or DELETE. Parameters: The data or information required for the API request. Expected response: The desired outcome or response from the API.

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Q.7 What do you understand by browser APIs?

Browser APIs are the APIs that evolve built-in with the browsers. They enable developers to implement complex operations without administering with the sophisticated lower-level code.

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Q.8 How do you handle authentication in API testing?

Authentication in API testing is handled by including the necessary credentials or tokens in the API requests. This can be done using various authentication methods like Basic Authentication, OAuth, or API keys. The test cases should cover scenarios for both valid and invalid authentication.

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Q.9 How is restful API implemented?

The implementation consisted of running the code from the JUnit tests into the APIs and then refreshing the tests to summon those APIs. The modifyCertificate method, that gives the implementation for the certificates resource PUT method, was the most difficult REST API to implement.

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Q.10 What are some common API testing challenges?

Some common challenges in API testing include: Handling dependencies on external systems or APIs. Managing test data and test environment setup. Dealing with different data formats like JSON or XML. Verifying the accuracy of responses and data validation. Ensuring proper error handling and error codes.

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Q.11 Tell us about the API methods.

The first or most-commonly-used HTTP methods are GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE. There are a number of other verbs, too, but are utilized less frequently.

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Q.12 How do you test API response codes?

API response codes indicate the status of the API request. To test response codes, the test cases should include scenarios for both successful and unsuccessful requests. For example, testing for a 200 OK response for a successful request and testing for appropriate error codes like 400 Bad Request or 500 Internal Server Error for invalid requests.

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Q.13 What is API framework?

API frameworks are code institutions that contribute commonly-used functionality when establishing our own web (APIs) application programming interfaces.

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Q.14 What are some security considerations in API testing?

Security is crucial in API testing. Some security considerations include: Testing for proper authentication and authorization. Validating input and output data to prevent injections and vulnerabilities. Ensuring the use of secure protocols like HTTPS. Testing for protection against common security threats like cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection.

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Q.15 Is API a IoT?

The application program interface, or API, is arguably what really ties collectively the associated “things” of the “internet of things.” IoT APIs are the forces of communication between an IoT device and the internet and/or other elements within the network.

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Q.16 How do you handle API versioning in test cases?

API versioning ensures backward compatibility and smooth transitions when making changes to APIs. In test cases, you should consider testing both the current and previous versions of the API to ensure compatibility. Test cases should cover scenarios specific to each version and test any migration steps if required.

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Q.17 Which type of communication API works in IoT?

REST is most popular IoT Communication APIs.

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Q.18 What tools do you use for API testing?

There are several tools available for API testing, including: Postman: A popular tool for creating and executing API requests. SoapUI: A comprehensive testing tool for SOAP and REST APIs. JMeter: A performance testing tool that can also be used for API load testing. Newman: A command-line tool that allows running Postman collections from the command line.

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Q.19 What are the standard tests performed on API’s?

Affirmation of the API whether it is renewing any data structure Check if the API does not deliver anything Based on input circumstances, stated values from the API’s are marked Verification of the API whether it triggers some other event or calls another API

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Q.20 What is a Web API?

A Web API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allow different software applications to communicate with each other over the internet. It enables interaction and data exchange between a client (such as a web browser or mobile app) and a server using HTTP(S) protocols.

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Q.21 Define SOAP.

SOAP-stands for Simple Object Access Control, and it is an XML based protocol for exchanging information between computers.

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Q.22 How is a Web API different from a Web Service?

While both Web APIs and Web Services facilitate communication between software applications, Web APIs are typically based on REST (Representational State Transfer) principles and use HTTP(S) protocols, whereas Web Services can use various protocols such as SOAP, XML-RPC, or REST.

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Q.23 Why SOAP is more reliable than REST?

SOAP is more reliable than REST as it practices WS-Security for transmission with Secure Socket Layer. Also, SOAP is state-full as it takes the whole request as a whole, unlike REST which gives independent processing of various methods. No independent processing is there in SOAP.

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Q.24 What are the key HTTP methods used in Web API testing?

The key HTTP methods used in Web API testing are: GET: Retrieves data or information from the server. POST: Sends data to the server to create new resources. PUT: Updates or replaces existing resources on the server. DELETE: Removes resources from the server.

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Q.25 What the principal measures to be taken in thought while writing API document ?

Source of the content Document design or sketch Delivery layout Information needed for each function in the document Automatic document creation programs

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Q.26 How do you handle authentication in Web API testing?

Authentication in Web API testing is typically handled using various methods such as: Basic Authentication: Sending credentials (username and password) in the request headers. Token-based Authentication: Using tokens (such as JWT) for authentication and including them in the request headers. OAuth: A protocol for authorization, allowing users to grant permissions to third-party applications.

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Q.27 What is Input injection and what are various ways of doing it ?

Direct Method Invocation Invocation utilizing an accessibility interface Simulation managing low-level input Simulation using a robot

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Q.28 How do you handle pagination in Web API testing?

Pagination is often used in Web APIs to retrieve large sets of data. Test cases for pagination should include scenarios to test the correct handling of pagination parameters like page size and page number. This includes verifying that the API returns the expected number of records and that subsequent pages can be retrieved successfully.

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Q.29 What are some common security vulnerabilities in Web API testing?

Some common security vulnerabilities to consider in Web API testing are: Injection attacks (e.g., SQL injection, command injection). Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. Insecure direct object references. Lack of input validation and sanitization.

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Q.30 How do you test error handling in Web API testing?

Testing error handling in Web API involves sending invalid or unexpected requests and verifying that the API returns appropriate error codes (such as 400 Bad Request or 500 Internal Server Error) along with meaningful error messages. Test cases should cover different error scenarios and ensure that error responses are handled correctly.

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Q.31 What tools do you use for Web API testing?

There are several tools available for Web API testing, including: Postman: A widely-used tool for API testing that supports RESTful APIs. SoapUI: A comprehensive testing tool that supports both SOAP and RESTful APIs. JMeter: A performance testing tool that can also be used for API load testing. Newman: A command-line tool for running Postman collections.

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Q.32 What is a REST API?

REST (Representational State Transfer) API is an architectural style for designing networked applications. It uses HTTP(S) protocols and standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to perform operations on resources. REST APIs follow a stateless client-server communication model and use resource-based URLs.

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Q.33 How does a REST API differ from other types of APIs?

REST APIs differ from other types of APIs, such as SOAP or XML-RPC, in that they use lightweight data formats like JSON or XML for data exchange. REST APIs rely on standard HTTP methods for communication and are typically more scalable, flexible, and easier to implement.

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Q.34 What are the main components of a REST API request?

The main components of a REST API request include: HTTP Method: Specifies the type of operation being performed (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). URL/URI: Identifies the resource on which the operation is to be performed. Headers: Contain additional metadata and information about the request. Body/Payload: Contains data sent with the request (optional for some methods).

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Q.35 How do you handle authentication and authorization in REST API testing?

Authentication and authorization in REST API testing can be handled through various methods, including: Basic Authentication: Sending credentials (username and password) in the request headers. Token-based Authentication: Using tokens (such as JWT) for authentication and including them in the request headers. OAuth: A protocol for authorization, allowing users to grant permissions to third-party applications.

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Q.36 How do you test different HTTP methods in REST API testing?

To test different HTTP methods in REST API testing, you should design test cases that cover each method's specific functionality. For example: GET: Verify the successful retrieval of resources and their representation. POST: Test the creation of new resources on the server. PUT: Ensure that resources are updated or replaced correctly. DELETE: Validate the proper deletion of resources.

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Q.37 What are some common response codes in REST API testing, and how do you handle them?

Some common response codes in REST API testing include: 200 OK: Indicates a successful request. 201 Created: Signifies the successful creation of a resource. 400 Bad Request: Indicates an invalid or malformed request. 401 Unauthorized: Indicates the need for authentication or invalid credentials. 404 Not Found: Indicates that the requested resource could not be found. Test cases should cover scenarios for each response code, ensuring that the API responds appropriately and returns the correct status codes and response payloads.

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Q.38 How do you handle data validation in REST API testing?

Data validation in REST API testing involves verifying the correctness, completeness, and integrity of the data exchanged. Test cases should include checks for valid input formats, proper handling of invalid data, and verification of response data against expected values or data schema.

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Q.39 What tools do you use for REST API testing?

Several tools are available for REST API testing, including: Postman: A popular tool for designing, testing, and documenting RESTful APIs. SoapUI: A comprehensive testing tool that supports both SOAP and RESTful APIs. Newman: A command-line tool for running Postman collections. JMeter: A performance testing tool that can also be used for API load testing.

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Q.40 What is API test design?

API test design is the process of planning and creating test cases that effectively validate the functionality, reliability, security, and performance of an API. It involves identifying test scenarios, determining test inputs and expected outputs, and defining test coverage to ensure comprehensive testing.

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Q.41 What are the key considerations for designing API test cases?

When designing API test cases, some key considerations include: Test Coverage: Ensuring that test cases cover all relevant API endpoints, methods, and parameters. Boundary Testing: Testing with both minimum and maximum values to validate proper handling of edge cases. Negative Testing: Including test cases to verify error handling and invalid inputs. Performance Testing: Designing test cases to measure and validate API response times and throughput. Security Testing: Incorporating test cases to verify authentication, authorization, and protection against common vulnerabilities.

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Q.42 How do you prioritize test cases for API testing?

Test case prioritization in API testing is based on factors such as: Criticality: Giving priority to test cases that cover critical functionality or high-risk areas. Business Impact: Prioritizing test cases that affect key business processes or user experience. Risk Analysis: Identifying potential risks and focusing on test cases that mitigate those risks. Dependency: Considering dependencies between API endpoints and testing them in a logical order.

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Q.43 How do you handle test data in API test design?

Test data management in API test design involves: Identifying different types of data inputs required for test cases (e.g., valid, invalid, boundary values). Creating test data sets that cover different scenarios. Determining whether to use static or dynamic test data. Managing test data dependencies and ensuring proper data isolation.

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Q.44 How do you design test cases for API security testing?

When designing test cases for API security testing, consider including scenarios to validate: Authentication and authorization mechanisms. Protection against common security vulnerabilities (e.g., injections, XSS, CSRF). Secure communication protocols (e.g., HTTPS). Proper handling of sensitive data (e.g., encryption, masking).

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Q.45 How do you handle API versioning in test case design?

When designing test cases for API versioning, consider: Testing backward compatibility to ensure existing functionalities are not affected by version upgrades. Designing test cases specific to each version to validate new features or changes. Testing migration steps, if any, to ensure a smooth transition between versions.

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Q.46 What is the importance of test automation in API test design?

Test automation plays a crucial role in API test design as it enables: Reusability of test cases for regression testing and continuous integration. Faster execution and scalability for comprehensive API testing. Early detection of defects and improved test coverage. Efficient handling of repetitive tasks, allowing testers to focus on complex scenarios.

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Q.47 What tools do you use for API test design and documentation?

Some commonly used tools for API test design and documentation include: Postman: A comprehensive tool for designing, testing, and documenting APIs. Swagger/OpenAPI: A specification and toolset for designing and documenting RESTful APIs. RAML (RESTful API Modeling Language): A language for designing, testing, and documenting APIs.

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Q.48 What is the importance of requirements gathering in API testing?

Requirements gathering is essential in API testing to ensure a clear understanding of the project's objectives, functional specifications, and business requirements. It helps in defining the scope of testing, identifying test scenarios, and establishing the necessary test coverage for API testing.

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Q.49 How do you gather API testing requirements?

To gather API testing requirements, the following steps can be followed: Reviewing project documentation, such as API specifications, design documents, and user stories. Conducting meetings with stakeholders, developers, and architects to understand the API functionality, integration points, and expected behavior. Analyzing business requirements and use cases to identify the key features and user interactions with the API. Collaborating with the development team to gain insights into API design decisions and technical requirements.

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Q.50 What information do you gather during API requirements gathering?

During API requirements gathering, you typically gather information such as: API endpoints and methods. Input parameters and their expected formats. Expected response formats (JSON, XML, etc.). Authentication and authorization mechanisms. Performance and scalability requirements. Error handling and error codes. Security requirements and constraints.

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Q.51 How do you handle changes or updates to API requirements during testing?

Handling changes or updates to API requirements during testing involves: Maintaining open communication channels with stakeholders to stay updated on any changes. Assessing the impact of the changes on existing test cases and test data. Modifying or creating new test cases to accommodate the changes. Collaborating with the development team to understand the technical implementation of the changes. Ensuring proper regression testing to validate that existing functionalities are not affected.

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Q.52 How do you ensure test coverage for API testing requirements?

To ensure test coverage for API testing requirements, consider the following: Mapping test cases to specific requirements and functionalities. Identifying positive and negative test scenarios to cover different use cases. Designing test cases for boundary values and edge cases. Including test cases for different HTTP methods and authentication/authorization scenarios. Ensuring comprehensive coverage of error handling and response codes.

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Q.53 How do you prioritize API testing requirements?

Prioritizing API testing requirements involves considering factors such as: Business impact: Giving higher priority to requirements that are critical to the business or user experience. Risk analysis: Identifying high-risk areas and ensuring they are tested thoroughly. Dependency analysis: Considering dependencies between API endpoints or functionalities and prioritizing accordingly. Technical complexity: Prioritizing requirements that involve complex integration, performance, or security considerations.

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Q.54 How do you validate API testing requirements with stakeholders?

Validating API testing requirements with stakeholders can be done through: Regular meetings or walkthroughs to review and confirm the requirements. Sharing test design documentation or test plans for feedback and validation. Conducting demos or prototypes to showcase the expected API behavior. Collaborating with stakeholders to clarify any ambiguities or misunderstandings.

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Q.55 What challenges do you anticipate in API requirements gathering?

Some challenges in API requirements gathering may include: Ambiguous or incomplete requirements documentation. Evolving requirements or scope changes during the development cycle. Difficulty in understanding complex business rules or integration scenarios. Limited availability or collaboration with stakeholders. Misalignment between business expectations and technical feasibility.

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Q.56 What is API test execution?

API test execution is the process of running test cases designed for APIs to validate their functionality, performance, security, and other aspects. It involves sending API requests, capturing responses, and comparing them against expected results to verify the correctness and behavior of the API.

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Q.57 How do you prepare for API test execution?

To prepare for API test execution, consider the following steps: Reviewing and understanding the test cases and associated requirements. Setting up the test environment, including necessary tools, frameworks, and test data. Ensuring that the necessary test data and configurations are in place. Verifying the availability and readiness of any test dependencies, such as mock servers or test databases.

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Q.58 How do you handle test data in API test execution?

Handling test data in API test execution involves: Managing and preparing test data sets specific to each test case. Ensuring the availability and integrity of test data in the test environment. Loading test data into the system or setting up preconditions before executing each test case. Cleaning up or resetting the test data after each test case to maintain data isolation.

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Q.59 How do you handle dependencies in API test execution?

Handling dependencies in API test execution involves: Identifying and understanding the dependencies between API endpoints, services, or systems. Coordinating with the development or test teams to ensure the availability of dependent components. Mocking or stubbing external dependencies to simulate their behavior and isolate testing. Conducting integration tests to verify the proper functioning of dependent components.

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Q.60 How do you handle authentication and authorization in API test execution?

Handling authentication and authorization in API test execution involves: Including test cases that cover different authentication methods, such as basic authentication or token-based authentication. Setting up the necessary credentials or tokens for each test case. Ensuring that the API requests include the appropriate authentication headers. Verifying the API's response for successful or failed authorization scenarios.

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Q.61 How do you handle error conditions in API test execution?

Handling error conditions in API test execution includes: Designing test cases to cover various error scenarios, such as invalid inputs, missing parameters, or server errors. Verifying that the API returns the expected error codes and error messages. Testing the proper handling of error responses, such as gracefully degrading functionality or providing meaningful error information.

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Q.62 How do you capture and analyze API responses during test execution?

Capturing and analyzing API responses during test execution can be done by: Using API testing tools or frameworks that provide features for capturing responses. Inspecting the response payloads, headers, and status codes for each API request. Comparing the actual response with the expected response to validate correctness. Analyzing the response time and performance metrics to ensure desired performance levels.

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Q.63 How do you report and track defects identified during API test execution?

Reporting and tracking defects identified during API test execution involve: Documenting the details of each defect, including steps to reproduce, expected behavior, and observed behavior. Assigning appropriate severity and priority levels to each defect. Logging defects in a defect tracking or project management tool. Collaborating with the development and QA teams to ensure proper resolution and retesting of defects.

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Q.64 What is API unit testing?

API unit testing is a type of testing that focuses on verifying the functionality and behavior of individual units or components of an API in isolation. It involves testing API endpoints, methods, functions, and classes to ensure they work correctly according to the specified requirements.

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Q.65 What is the difference between API unit testing and API integration testing?

API unit testing focuses on testing individual units or components of an API in isolation, while API integration testing involves testing the interaction between multiple components or services. Unit testing aims to validate the internal logic and behavior of individual units, while integration testing verifies the interoperability and proper communication between different units.

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Q.66 How do you ensure code coverage in API unit testing?

To ensure code coverage in API unit testing, consider the following: Identify critical components and functionalities that need to be covered by unit tests. Use code coverage analysis tools to measure the percentage of code covered by the unit tests. Aim for high code coverage, typically targeting 80% or higher, to ensure comprehensive testing. Regularly review and update unit tests to maintain code coverage as the codebase evolves.

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Q.67 How do you handle dependencies in API unit testing?

Handling dependencies in API unit testing can be done by: Mocking or stubbing external dependencies to isolate the unit under test. Using mocking frameworks or libraries to create fake or simulated versions of dependent components. Designing unit tests that focus on testing the specific functionality of the unit and ignoring the behavior of external dependencies.

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Q.68 How do you handle exceptions and error conditions in API unit testing?

Handling exceptions and error conditions in API unit testing involves: Designing unit tests to cover different exception scenarios, such as passing invalid inputs or triggering error conditions. Using assertion frameworks to verify that the expected exceptions are thrown in the unit tests. Testing the behavior and response of the API when exceptional situations occur.

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Q.69 How do you ensure API unit tests are maintainable and readable?

To ensure API unit tests are maintainable and readable: Follow coding best practices, such as writing clear and descriptive test method names and using meaningful variable names. Use comments to explain the purpose and intention of the test cases. Organize test code into logical sections and maintain a consistent structure across the tests. Refactor and update unit tests as the codebase evolves to keep them aligned with the API changes.

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Q.70 How do you handle asynchronous behavior in API unit testing?

Handling asynchronous behavior in API unit testing involves: Using asynchronous testing frameworks or libraries that provide mechanisms for testing asynchronous operations. Employing techniques like callbacks, promises, or async/await to handle asynchronous code flow in the unit tests. Ensuring that assertions and verifications are properly synchronized with the completion of asynchronous operations.

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Q.71 What is Postman?

Postman is a widely used API testing tool that allows testers and developers to design, test, and document APIs. It provides a user-friendly interface for sending API requests, inspecting responses, validating results, and automating the testing process.

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Q.72 What are the key features of Postman?

Some key features of Postman include: Easy creation and execution of API requests using a user-friendly interface. Support for various request types (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) and authentication methods. Ability to store and manage test data and variables. Powerful request and response inspection capabilities, including viewing headers, body content, and response status codes. Test automation and scripting using JavaScript-based Postman Collections and Newman. Collaborative features, such as sharing collections and collaborating with team members.

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Q.73 How do you create and execute API requests in Postman?

To create and execute API requests in Postman: Launch Postman and create a new request by specifying the request method, URL, and headers. Add parameters, body content, and authentication details if required. Click the Send button to execute the request and view the response.

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Q.74 How do you handle authentication in Postman?

Postman provides various authentication methods, including: Basic Authentication: Enter the username and password in the Authorization tab of the request. Token-based Authentication: Add the token to the request headers or as a query parameter. OAuth 2.0: Configure the OAuth 2.0 settings, including the authorization endpoint and token endpoint.

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Q.75 How do you validate API responses in Postman?

Postman provides multiple ways to validate API responses: Use built-in assertions to verify response status codes, headers, and body content. Write custom JavaScript assertions to validate specific conditions. Use response JSON/XML parsing to extract specific values and compare them against expected results.

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Q.76 How do you automate API testing using Postman?

Postman offers automation capabilities through Postman Collections and Newman: Create Postman Collections that include multiple API requests and tests. Write JavaScript-based tests to validate responses and define assertions. Use Newman, the command-line companion to Postman, to execute collections in automated environments like CI/CD pipelines.

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Q.77 How do you handle data-driven testing in Postman?

Postman allows data-driven testing by using variables and data files: Define variables to store and reuse values within requests and tests. Import data files (CSV, JSON, etc.) and access the data within requests or tests using variable substitution.

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Q.78 How do you share and collaborate on Postman collections?

Postman provides collaboration features for sharing collections and collaborating with team members: Use Postman Workspaces to share collections with team members. Collaborate on collections by adding comments, annotations, and discussions. Use version control integrations to manage collection changes and updates.

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Q.79 What is SoapUI?

SoapUI is an open-source API testing tool used for testing web services, RESTful APIs, and SOAP-based APIs. It provides a comprehensive set of features for designing, executing, and validating API requests and responses.

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Q.80 What are the key features of SoapUI?

Some key features of SoapUI include: Support for both RESTful and SOAP-based APIs. Easy creation and execution of API requests with customizable parameters and headers. Robust test assertions to validate response content, status codes, headers, and more. Test data-driven testing capabilities by importing data from various sources like databases and spreadsheets. Support for functional testing, security testing, performance testing, and mock services. Integration with version control systems for collaboration and tracking changes in API tests.

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Q.81 How do you create and execute API requests in SoapUI?

To create and execute API requests in SoapUI: Create a new project and add a new API request by specifying the request method, URL, and headers. Add request parameters, authentication details, and payload if required. Click the Run button to execute the request and view the response.

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Q.82 How do you handle authentication in SoapUI?

SoapUI supports various authentication methods, including: Basic Authentication: Provide the username and password in the request header. Digest Authentication: Enter the username and password, and SoapUI handles the authentication automatically. OAuth: Configure the OAuth settings, including the authorization endpoint and access token endpoint.

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Q.83 How do you validate API responses in SoapUI?

SoapUI provides multiple ways to validate API responses: Use built-in assertions to verify response status codes, headers, and content. Write custom Groovy or JavaScript assertions to validate specific conditions. Use XPath or JSONPath expressions to extract specific values from the response and compare them against expected results.

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Q.84 How do you perform data-driven testing in SoapUI?

SoapUI supports data-driven testing by using data sources such as databases, spreadsheets, and data files: Import data from external sources and link them to test steps. Use data sources to iterate over a set of test data, executing the same test steps with different values. Validate the responses and compare them with expected results for each iteration.

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Q.85 How do you handle security testing in SoapUI?

SoapUI offers security testing capabilities, including: Built-in security scans to identify vulnerabilities like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and more. Support for testing WS-Security, SSL, and other encryption and authentication mechanisms. Integration with security testing tools like OWASP ZAP and Nessus for in-depth security analysis.

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Q.86 How do you use mock services in SoapUI?

SoapUI allows the creation of mock services to simulate API responses during testing: Create a mock service by defining the desired response structure and behavior. Configure the mock service to listen on a specific endpoint. Use the mock service in tests by sending requests to the mock endpoint and verifying the expected responses.

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Q.87 What is REST-Assured?

REST-Assured is a popular Java library for testing RESTful APIs. It provides a domain-specific language (DSL) that simplifies the creation and execution of API tests. REST-Assured offers an intuitive syntax for sending API requests, validating responses, and performing complex assertions.

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Q.88 What are the key features of REST-Assured?

Some key features of REST-Assured include: Fluent and expressive syntax for API test creation. Support for various request types (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) and authentication methods. Ability to set request headers, parameters, and body content easily. Powerful response validation capabilities, including status code verification, response body assertions, and header assertions. Support for extracting and verifying JSON and XML responses. Integration with popular testing frameworks like JUnit and TestNG.

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Q.89 How do you create API requests using REST-Assured?

REST-Assured allows you to create API requests in a fluent and expressive manner. Here's an example: Specify the request type (GET, POST, etc.) and the URL. Add request headers, parameters, and body content as needed. Execute the request and capture the response for further validation.

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Q.90 How do you handle authentication in REST-Assured?

REST-Assured supports various authentication methods, such as basic authentication, token-based authentication, and OAuth. You can include authentication details in the request headers or configure it based on the specific authentication mechanism being used.

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Q.91 How do you validate API responses in REST-Assured?

REST-Assured provides several methods for response validation: Verify the response status code using the statusCode method. Use JSON or XML path expressions to extract specific values from the response and perform assertions. Validate the response headers using the header method. Use the body method to perform complex assertions on the response body, such as checking the presence or absence of specific elements.

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Q.92 How do you handle data-driven testing in REST-Assured?

REST-Assured can handle data-driven testing by leveraging data sources like CSV files, Excel sheets, or databases. You can iterate over the data set, dynamically changing request parameters or body content, and validate the responses for each iteration.

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Q.93 How do you perform file upload in REST-Assured?

To perform file upload using REST-Assured, you can use the multiPart method to attach the file to the request. This method allows you to specify the file path, content type, and any additional request parameters.

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Q.94 How do you handle error conditions in REST-Assured?

Handling error conditions in REST-Assured involves: Designing test cases to cover various error scenarios, such as invalid inputs or server errors. Verifying that the API returns the expected error codes and error messages using response assertions. Testing the behavior and response of the API when exceptional situations occur.

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Q.95 What is PHPUnit?

PHPUnit is a unit testing framework for PHP that is widely used for testing PHP-based applications, including API testing. It provides a comprehensive set of features for writing and executing unit tests, performing assertions, and generating test reports.

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Q.96 What are the key features of PHPUnit?

Some key features of PHPUnit include: Support for writing and executing unit tests for PHP code. Assertions for verifying expected results and comparing actual values. Test case classes and test suites for organizing and executing multiple tests. Test doubles, such as mocks and stubs, for isolating code under test from external dependencies. Code coverage analysis to measure the percentage of code covered by unit tests. Integration with continuous integration (CI) systems for automated testing.

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Q.97 How do you write API tests using PHPUnit?

In PHPUnit, you can write API tests as unit tests by: Creating test methods within a test case class that extend the PHPUnit framework. Using built-in assertions to validate API responses, such as comparing expected and actual values or checking response status codes. Mocking or stubbing external dependencies to isolate the API under test. Executing the test methods using the PHPUnit command-line interface or a test runner.

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Q.98 How do you handle API authentication in PHPUnit?

PHPUnit focuses on unit testing and does not provide built-in authentication mechanisms specifically for APIs. However, you can simulate authentication by using test doubles like mocks or stubs to provide fake authentication responses or bypass authentication logic during unit testing.

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Q.99 How do you perform API response validation in PHPUnit?

PHPUnit provides various assertions to validate API responses. Some commonly used assertions for API response validation include: assertEquals(): Compares the expected and actual values. assertArrayHasKey(): Verifies the presence of a specific key in the response array. assertContains(): Checks if a specific value is present in an array or string. assertJson(): Validates that a string is a valid JSON response. assertRegExp(): Matches a regular expression pattern against a string.

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Q.100 How do you handle exceptions and error conditions in PHPUnit API tests?

Handling exceptions and error conditions in PHPUnit API tests involves: Writing test methods that intentionally trigger exception scenarios by providing invalid inputs or causing errors. Using assertions like expectException() and expectExceptionMessage() to validate that the expected exceptions are thrown with the correct error messages. Testing the behavior and response of the API when exceptional situations occur.

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Q.101 How do you measure code coverage in PHPUnit API tests?

PHPUnit includes code coverage analysis functionality. To measure code coverage in PHPUnit API tests, you can: Enable code coverage collection during test execution. Use code coverage tools like Xdebug or PHPUnit's built-in code coverage driver. Generate code coverage reports that indicate the percentage of code covered by the tests.

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Q.102 What is Pytest?

Pytest is a popular testing framework for Python that simplifies the process of writing and executing tests. It provides a wide range of features, including test discovery, fixtures, test parameterization, assertions, and test result reporting.

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Q.103 What are the key features of Pytest?

Some key features of Pytest include: Test discovery: Pytest automatically discovers and runs test functions, classes, and modules based on predefined naming conventions. Powerful assertions: Pytest offers a rich set of built-in assertions for validating expected results. Test fixtures: Pytest provides a fixture mechanism for managing test setup and teardown, allowing you to define reusable code that sets up the test environment. Parameterized testing: Pytest supports parameterization of tests, allowing you to run the same test logic with different input values. Plugins and extensions: Pytest has a vast ecosystem of plugins that extend its capabilities, such as test coverage reporting, test data generation, and mocking.

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Q.104 How do you write API tests using Pytest?

To write API tests using Pytest: Define test functions or test classes that include the necessary test logic. Use the requests library or any other HTTP client library to send API requests. Employ Pytest fixtures to set up the test environment, such as creating a temporary server or providing mock data. Utilize Pytest assertions to validate the API responses and compare them with expected results. Execute the tests using the Pytest command-line interface or a test runner.

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Q.105 How do you handle API authentication in Pytest?

API authentication in Pytest can be handled in different ways, depending on the authentication mechanism used by the API. Some common approaches include: Using test fixtures to set up authentication tokens or headers before making API requests. Mocking the authentication process using Pytest fixtures to bypass actual authentication logic during testing. Configuring the API client library (e.g., requests) to handle authentication transparently based on predefined credentials.

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Q.106 How do you perform API response validation in Pytest?

Pytest provides powerful assertions to validate API responses. Some commonly used assertions for API response validation include: assert status_code: Verifies the expected response status code. assert json(): Validates the JSON response against specific expected values or patterns. assert text: Checks the response body text against expected values or patterns. assert headers: Verifies the presence of specific headers in the response.

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Q.107 How do you handle exceptions and error conditions in Pytest API tests?

Handling exceptions and error conditions in Pytest API tests involves: Writing test functions or methods that intentionally trigger exception scenarios by providing invalid inputs or causing errors. Using Pytest's exception handling mechanisms, such as pytest.raises, to capture and assert the expected exceptions and error messages. Testing the behavior and response of the API when exceptional situations occur.

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Q.108 How do you generate test reports and view test coverage in Pytest?

Pytest provides various plugins and tools for generating test reports and viewing test coverage. Some popular options include: pytest-html plugin: Generates HTML reports that include test results, summaries, and detailed information. pytest-cov plugin: Calculates test coverage and generates coverage reports that indicate the percentage of code covered by the tests. Integration with CI/CD systems: Pytest can be integrated into continuous integration pipelines to generate test reports and coverage data automatically.

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Q.109 What is End-to-End (E2E) API Testing?

End-to-End (E2E) API Testing is a type of testing that involves testing the entire flow of an application's APIs, covering multiple systems and components. It aims to verify that the APIs work seamlessly together, from the initial request to the final response, across all layers of the application.

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Q.110 Why is End-to-End API Testing important?

End-to-End API Testing is important because it helps ensure the smooth integration and interoperability of APIs in complex systems. It validates that APIs function correctly when interacting with other APIs, databases, third-party services, and various components of the application. E2E API Testing helps identify issues related to data flow, dependencies, and overall system behavior.

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Q.111 What are the key steps involved in performing E2E API Testing?

The key steps involved in performing E2E API Testing typically include: Identifying the API endpoints and their dependencies within the system. Designing test scenarios that cover various API interactions and system workflows. Setting up the test environment, including configuring necessary test data and dependencies. Executing the test scenarios by sending requests to the APIs and validating the responses. Verifying the correctness of the entire flow by checking the consistency and integrity of the data across different components and systems.

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Q.112 How do you handle dependencies in E2E API Testing?

Handling dependencies in E2E API Testing involves: Mocking or stubbing dependent APIs or services that are not available or stable during testing. Utilizing test data and fixtures to simulate the expected behavior of dependent systems. Setting up the test environment to include the necessary dependencies or using virtualized environments. Coordinating with other teams or stakeholders to ensure availability and consistency of the dependent systems during testing.

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Q.113 How do you ensure data consistency and integrity in E2E API Testing?

To ensure data consistency and integrity in E2E API Testing: Establish pre-defined checkpoints or expected data states at different stages of the API flow. Validate data at each stage by comparing it against the expected values or predefined rules. Use appropriate data synchronization techniques to ensure consistency across different systems and components. Perform database checks and verifications to ensure proper data handling and storage.

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Q.114 How do you handle error scenarios and edge cases in E2E API Testing?

Handling error scenarios and edge cases in E2E API Testing involves: Designing test cases that intentionally trigger error conditions, such as providing invalid input or simulating failure scenarios. Verifying that the system handles errors gracefully by returning the appropriate error codes, messages, and responses. Testing boundary values and extreme scenarios to ensure the system can handle them without breaking or causing unexpected behavior. Monitoring and logging the system behavior during error scenarios to aid in debugging and troubleshooting.

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Q.115 How do you perform E2E API Testing in a distributed or microservices-based architecture?

E2E API Testing in a distributed or microservices-based architecture involves: Identifying the APIs and their interactions across different services and components. Coordinating with the teams responsible for each service to ensure their availability and compatibility during testing. Mocking or stubbing dependent services that are not available or are difficult to access during testing. Verifying the communication and data flow between services through API requests and responses. Monitoring the overall system behavior and performance to identify any bottlenecks or issues in the E2E flow.

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Q.116 How API testing is performed?

API testing is performed by using various API testing tools during development and execution of API test cases. API testing requires configuration of test cases on API testing tools.

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Q.117 What is API testing for beginners?

API testing for beginners involves getting to know basics of web technology, API basics and API testing tools like SoapUI.

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Q.118 Is API testing easy?

Yes, API testing is easy if you are having good grasp of concepts of web technology and API basics. You can also learn and get certified on API testing tool like SOAPUI at link - https://www.vskills.in/certification/testing/soapui-testing-certification

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Q.119 What is API testing in manual testing?

API testing in manual testing refers to testing of API manually instead of automation testing of API. Test cases are executed manually, results are stores and analysis is done manually.

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Q.120 What is API used for?

API expands to Application Programming Interface, is an interface to connect, access and transfer data among different computing systems. It is needed so that different systems can interact and share data among them. For example data being shared among social media applications like Google and Facebook.

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Q.121 What is API manual testing?

API manual testing is manual testing of API and not using automation testing for API tests. Test cases are developed and executed manually instead of relying on automation testing tools.

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Q.122 Why API testing is needed?

API testing is needed to validate and verify the developed API against customer requirements in various aspects like functionality testing, UI testing, security testing performance testing etc. Unit and integration testing are also performed.

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Q.123 What is REST API in testing?

REST API in testing is used to test REST API which is widely used in web applications especially web services being developed for new age companies like startups. REST expands to Representational State Transfer

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Q.124 What are the different types of API?

The different types of API are - UDDI, SOAP, REST and XML-RPC

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Q.125 What is an example of an API?

An example of an API - data being shared among social media applications like Google and Facebook.

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Q.126 Can we automate API testing?

Yes, we can automate API testing by using automation testing tools for API testing.

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Q.127 What is the best tool for API testing?

The best tool for API testing are many like soapui, postman, jmeter. It depends upon testing requirement for selection of appropriate tool for API testing.

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Q.128 How does an API work?

API works by exposing methods and data which is accessible over various protocols or network like HTTP. Any one wants to access the data, uses the accessible methods to access the required data like weather data being provided by various government weather data providers.

Security is implemented by using symmetric or asymmetric encryption.

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Q.129 What is a JSON API?

JSON API is an interface for exchange of data and functionality in JSON. JSON API expands to JavaScript Object Notation API.

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Q.130 What is Agile methodology in testing?

Agile methodology in testing means testing as per Agile principles which involves continuous testing as per continuous development or delivery of software during software development life cycle. Testing and development takes place simultaneously.

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Q.131 What is test case in manual testing?

Test case in manual testing refers to a group of actions done to verify a function or feature of software under test. An example test case in manual testing can be checking output by software when, invalid login details are given – error screen comes up. Test case will need details like username/password, etc and conditions for success and failure and henceforth, result.

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Q.132 What is API in Java?

API in Java refers to Java API which are classes, interfaces part of JDK which is used for developing Java based applications.

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Q.133 Can selenium be used for API testing?

Yes, selenium be used for API testing but supports web browser based automation testing hence, Selenium will need a API testing tool and will provide automation in API testing.

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Q.134 Is API a software?

API is not a software but rather just an interface to provide data exchange and functionality among different software application or processes. As API provides access to data and functionality, it can be thought as a software which fulfills our need. For example authentication service provided by Google to different websites for one click login.

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Q.135 What is an API gateway?

API gateway acts as an gateway or single point contact for various API based services. It optimizes requests for different APIs, it can route, optimize and provide a simple interface for data and functionality access instead of accessing multiple APIs like authentication service provided by Google to different websites for one click login

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Q.136 Is RPC an API?

RPC is an API or similar to it as it provides interface to call procedure on remote machines or by remote machines.

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Q.137 What exactly is an API?

API expands to Application Programming Interface, is an interface to connect, access and transfer data among different computing systems. It is needed so that different systems can interact and share data among them. For example data being shared amongst social media applications like Google and Facebook.

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Q.138 How many API are there?

There are many APIs. Now, due to spread of smart phones and internet, web based services are the de-facto requirement of websites. Websites provide data and functionality by API and can connect and share data and functionality among various API providers.

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Q.139 What is Uri in REST API?

Uri in REST API is the endpoint for access of data and functionality by REST API. URIL expands to Universal Resource Identifier.

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Q.140 Can JMeter be used for API testing?

JMeter can be used for API testing especially REST API. JMeter is open source tool and used for performance or load testing.

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Q.141 Is JMeter good for API testing?

Yes, JMeter is good for API testing especially REST API. JMeter is open source tool and used for performance or load testing.

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Q.142 What is API performance testing?

API performance testing refers to testing of API for verification and validation of performance parameters as provided by customer. It usually includes load testing and functional testing.

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Q.143 What is meant by API testing?

API testing refers to testing of API by conducting test cases. Test cases are developed and executed to test to validate and verify the developed API against customer requirements in various aspects like functionality testing, UI testing, security testing performance testing etc. Unit and integration testing are also performed.

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Q.144 How do you do API testing?

API testing done by using various API testing tools during development and execution of API test cases. API testing requires configuration of test cases on API testing tools.

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Q.145 Why is API needed?

API expands to Application Programming Interface, is an interface to connect, access and transfer data among different computing systems. It is needed so that different systems can interact and share data among them. For example data being shared among social media applications like Google and Facebook.

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Q.146 What is API example?

API example is data being shared among social media applications like Google and Facebook. Another example is authentication service provided by Google to different websites for one click login.

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Q.147 Is an API an application?

API is not a application but rather just an interface to provide data exchange and functionality among different software application or processes. As API provides access to data and functionality, it can be thought as a application which fulfills our need. For example authentication service provided by Google to different websites for one click login.

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Q.148 What is API in layman terms?

API in layman terms is like a translator who makes two different language speaking persons interact – share data and functionality. Different persons are different software / process/ web services like data exchange between Facebook and Google.

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Q.149 Is JSON a protocol?

No, JSON is not a protocol as it is data format for exchange over various protocols like HTTP. JSON expands to JavaScript Object Notation. JSON has two types of data stores - attribute–value pairs and array data types

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Q.150 What is API and API testing?

API expands to Application Programming Interface, is an interface to connect, access and transfer data among different computing systems. It is needed so that different systems can interact and share data among them. For example data being shared amongst social media applications like Google and Facebook.

API testing refers to testing of API by conducting test cases. Test cases are developed and executed to test to validate and verify the developed API against customer requirements in various aspects like functionality testing, UI testing, security testing performance testing etc. Unit and integration testing are also performed.

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Q.151 What is the use of SSL certificate?

SSL certificate is used for providing authenticity to the web service or website in HTTPS.

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Q.152 Is JSON an API?

No, JSON is not a API as it is data format for exchange over various protocols like HTTP. JSON expands to JavaScript Object Notation. JSON has two types of data stores - attribute–value pairs and array data types

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Q.153 Is there any certification for API testing?

Yes, agile testing certification is at link - https://www.vskills.in/certification/testing/api-testing-certification

 

Vskills offers following deliverables

-          Online video based, e-learning LMS

-          Hard copy to candidates residing in India

-          Practice tests for assessing your knowledge

-          Government certification

-          Vast alumni strength working in reputed software companies like Accenture, Cognizant, IBM, TCS, etc

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Q.154 Is there any good link to practice my API testing skills?

Yes, link to practice API testing skills is at link - https://www.vskills.in/practice/api-testing-questions

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