Top 50 Selenium Interview Questions

Selenium

Selenium is an open-source & one of the most well-known automation testing tool for web applications. We have listed down the top interview questions on selenium automation testing to help you to prepare for an Automation testing role.

Q.43 What is the use of selenium?

Selenium is an open source software which automates web browser interaction and hence, testing of web applications.

Various users can access web or mobile applications on multiple web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, etc. and on different versions of each web browser.

It is very difficult task to check the functionality, load and performance of the web application on each of the web browser and their respective versions.

Selenium

Executes on popular web browsers and operating systems
can be accessed by different programming languages and testing frameworks.

Selenium can be used to

Test web applications
Test mobile applications, running on web browsers
Run regression tests
Execute functional tests
Has headless browser option
Can also be used for web scraping
Gives complete data capture and logging
Provides graphical snapshot as well
Compatible with all major programming languages

Supported programming language and testing frameworks, are

C# - NUnit
Haskell
Java - JUnit, TestNG
JavaScript - WebdriverJS, WebdriverIO, NightwatchJS, NemoJS
Objective-C
Perl
PHP - Behat + Mink
Python - unittest, pyunit, py.test, robot framework
R
Ruby - RSpec, Test::Unit

Supported web browsers are
Firefox - Support for Firefox is the latest release, the previous release, the latest ESR release and the previous ESR release.
Internet Explorer - Versions 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are supported. Version 11 requires additional configuration.
Safari - SafariDriver requires Safari 5.1+
Opera - OperaChromiumDriver can be used without extra setup on Chromium-based versions of Opera starting from version 26.
Chrome - Version 70 onwards

Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows - Most versions starting from Windows 7
Apple OS X - Recent version of OS
Linux - Ubuntu latest stable release

Q.46 What is selenium driver?

Selenium driver refer to the programming language bindings which link to Selenium WebDriver.

Selenium driver are library for each programming language being supported by Selenium. Selenium driver or the library exposes Selenium Webdriver’s API to the supported programming language.

Supported programming language and testing frameworks, are

C# - NUnit
Haskell
Java - JUnit, TestNG
JavaScript - WebdriverJS, WebdriverIO, NightwatchJS, NemoJS
Objective-C
Perl
PHP - Behat + Mink
Python - unittest, pyunit, py.test, robot framework
R
Ruby - RSpec, Test::Unit

For example, Selenium driver for C# will have Selenium Webdriver API in C# so as to control Selenium from C# program or test case.

Q.62 Have you created any Framework, in the past?

Given the interview question following scenarios are applicable -

1. In case you are a beginner: As a beginner you can clearly say “No, I didn’t get a opportunity to create framework from the scratch. But I have used the framework that are already available. I have contributed mostly in creating test cases by using the existing framework.
2. In this case you are a beginner but have good knowledge on creating framework: You can start by saying that “Yes, I have involved in developing framework along with other automation tester in my company.”
3. In case you are an experienced tester: As an experienced professional; you can say that “Yes, I have created framework from the scratch. As there were no automation process in my previous company."

Q.79 In Selenium WebDriver, can you navigate back and forth in a browser?

We can use Navigate interface in order to do navigate back and forth in a browser. Following are some methods to move back, forward as well as to refresh a page.
1. driver.navigate().forward(); – It is used to navigate to the next web page with reference to the browser’s history
2. driver.navigate().back(); – It is used to take back to the previous webpage with reference to the browser’s history
3. driver.navigate().refresh(); – It is used to refresh the current web page thereby reloading all the web elements
4. driver.navigate().to(“url”); – It is used to launch a new web browser window and navigate to the specified URL

Q.80 How can we capture Screenshot in Selenium WebDriver?

While executing the test scripts, test cases may fail. While executing the test cases manually you can just take a screenshot and then place in a result repository. The same can be done by using Selenium WebDriver.

Some scenarios required to capture a screenshot using Selenium WebDriver are
1. Application issues
2. Assertion Failure
3. Difficulty to find Webelements on the web page
4. Timeout to find Webelements on the web page

Also selenium offers an interface referred as TakesScreenshot that has a method referred as 'getScreenShotAs' that can be used to take a screenshot of the application under test. Now in Selenium 3, there is a possibility of certain issues while capturing Screenshots. In order to overcome this situation we may use aShot utility.

Q.85 Describe Selenium tool Suite and its components

Selenium tool suite has different software tools for specific role, as: Selenium 2 or Selenium Webdriver (it uses cohesive and objects oriented WebDriver API with support for Selenium 1's RC technology), Selenium 1 or Selenium RC or Remote Control ( it is deprecated and not actively supported, was used before Selenium 2), Selenium IDE or Integrated Development Environment (it is rapid prototyping tool for building test scripts and is a Firefox plugin with UI to quickly develop automated tests, has a recording feature to generate test scripts but no support for iteration or conditional statements) and Selenium-Grid (enables parallel tests to be performed, provides scalability by dividing test suite and execute different tests at the same time using different machines)

Q.175 How do you handle browser cookies in Selenium?

To handle browser cookies in Selenium, you can use the getCookies() method to retrieve the cookies for the current session, and the addCookie() method to add new cookies to the session. You can also use the deleteCookie() method to delete specific cookies or the deleteAllCookies() method to delete all cookies for the current session. This allows for testing scenarios that require cookies to be set or cleared, such as testing user login or logout functionality. It is important to note that some websites may have restrictions on the use of cookies and may not allow their deletion or modification during testing.

Q.186 What is the difference between XPath and CSS selector in Selenium?

XPath and CSS selector are both used to locate elements on a web page in Selenium, but they have some differences. XPath is a more flexible and powerful language for locating elements based on their attributes, text content, and relationships with other elements on the page. It can traverse the entire HTML document and supports complex expressions and functions. CSS selector, on the other hand, is simpler and faster than XPath, but has some limitations in terms of selecting elements based on their relationships and text content. It is generally preferred for simple and straightforward selection tasks.

Q.188 What is the difference between implicit wait and explicit wait in Selenium?

Implicit wait is a setting in Selenium that applies to all elements on a web page and specifies the maximum amount of time the WebDriver should wait for an element to appear before throwing a NoSuchElementException. Explicit wait, on the other hand, is a mechanism for waiting for specific conditions to be met before proceeding with the next step in a test script. It uses the WebDriverWait class and can wait for conditions such as element visibility, clickability, or presence. Explicit wait is more flexible and precise than implicit wait, but can also be more complex to implement.

Q.192 What are the different types of test frameworks available in Selenium?

Selenium supports several test frameworks for organizing and executing test scripts, including:

JUnit: a widely used testing framework for Java that supports annotations, assertions, and test runners.
TestNG: a more advanced testing framework for Java that supports parameterization, grouping, dependency management, and test reporting.
NUnit: a testing framework for .NET languages that supports assertions, test fixtures, and test runners.
MSTest: a testing framework for .NET languages that supports assertions, test attributes, and test runners.
PyTest: a testing framework for Python that supports fixtures, parametrization, and test discovery.

Q.194 How do you handle dynamic web elements in Selenium?

Dynamic web elements are those that change their attributes or position on a web page dynamically, based on user actions or server responses. To handle dynamic web elements in Selenium, you can use explicit waits and dynamic locators. Explicit waits allow you to wait for the element to become visible, clickable, or present before interacting with it, while dynamic locators allow you to locate the element based on its changing attributes or position. You can use techniques such as CSS selectors, XPath expressions, or regular expressions to create dynamic locators that adapt to the changing web page. It is also important to design your test scripts with robust error handling and retries to handle unexpected changes in the web page.

Q.195 Case Study: You are testing a login page that has multiple input fields such as username, password, and security question. How will you test this page using Selenium?

To test the login page using Selenium, you can create a test script that performs the following steps:

Launch the browser and navigate to the login page URL.
Enter valid or invalid values in the input fields and click on the login button.
Verify if the user is able to login successfully or if an error message is displayed.
Test for different combinations of input values, such as valid username and password, invalid username and password, blank username and password, etc.
Test for the functionality of the security question by entering valid and invalid answers.

Q.196 Case Study: You are testing an e-commerce website that has a shopping cart feature. How will you test this feature using Selenium?

To test the shopping cart feature using Selenium, you can create a test script that performs the following steps:

Launch the browser and navigate to the e-commerce website.
Select a product and add it to the cart.
Verify if the product is added to the cart and the cart count is incremented.
Remove the product from the cart and verify if the cart count is decremented.
Test for the functionality of the cart by adding multiple products, changing the quantity of products, and verifying the total price.
Test for the checkout process by filling in the required details and verifying the order confirmation.

Q.199 Case Study: You are testing a web application that has a search feature that allows users to search for products based on keywords. How will you test this using Selenium?

To test the search feature using Selenium, you can create a test script that performs the following steps:

Launch the browser and navigate to the search page URL.
Enter a keyword in the search input field and click on the search button.
Verify if the search results page is displayed with the relevant products.
Test for different search keywords and verify the search results.
Test for search functionality by filtering the search results based on different criteria such as price, category, etc.

Q.200 Case Study: A company has a web application with multiple user roles and access levels. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the user scenarios?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the user scenarios, you can use a combination of data-driven and modular testing techniques. You can create test data sets for each user role and access level, and use data providers in your test scripts to iterate through the test data and simulate different user interactions. You can also use page object model design pattern to create modular and reusable test scripts that represent the different pages and features of the web application. By combining data-driven and modular testing, you can create a comprehensive test suite that covers all the user scenarios.

Q.201 Case Study: A company wants to automate the regression testing of a web application that has frequent updates and changes. How would you design a Selenium test suite to ensure the test scripts are maintainable and adaptable?

To design a Selenium test suite that is maintainable and adaptable for a web application with frequent updates and changes, you can use several best practices, such as:

Use a page object model design pattern to create modular and reusable test scripts that represent the different pages and features of the web application.
Use dynamic locators and explicit waits to handle dynamic web elements that may change their attributes or position on the web page.
Use version control to manage the test scripts and track changes over time.
Use continuous integration and continuous testing to automate the test execution and generate reports on a regular basis.
Use parameterization and data-driven testing to create flexible and reusable test scripts that can accommodate different test scenarios.
By following these best practices, you can create a Selenium test suite that can adapt to the frequent updates and changes in the web application.

Q.202 Case Study: A company has a web application that is responsive and can be accessed from multiple devices and browsers. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the different device and browser combinations?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the different device and browser combinations for a responsive web application, you can use Selenium Grid to distribute the test scripts across multiple nodes and browsers for parallel execution. You can also use cross-browser testing tools like Sauce Labs or BrowserStack to simulate different devices and browsers and automate the test execution. To ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable, you can use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case study.

Q.203 Case Study: A company has a web application that has complex workflows and business logic. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the different scenarios and edge cases?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the different scenarios and edge cases for a web application with complex workflows and business logic, you can use a combination of functional testing and exploratory testing techniques. You can use the page object model design pattern to create modular and reusable test scripts that represent the different pages and features of the web application. You can also use exploratory testing to simulate different user interactions and edge cases that may not be covered by the test scripts. To ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable, you can use dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies.

Q.204 Case Study: A company wants to automate the testing of a web application that has multiple languages and locales. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the different language and locale combinations?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the different language and locale combinations for a web application, you can use localization testing techniques. You can create test data sets for each language and locale combination and use data providers in your test scripts to iterate through the test data and simulate different user interactions. You can also use dynamic locators and explicit waits to handle dynamic web elements that may change their attributes or position on the web page. By using localization testing techniques, you can create a comprehensive test suite that covers all the language and locale combinations.

Q.205 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires integration with third-party APIs. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the integration scenarios?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the integration scenarios for a web application that requires integration with third-party APIs, you can use API testing techniques. You can create test scripts that simulate different API requests and responses, and use assertions to verify the data and behavior of the web application. You can also use a page object model design pattern to create modular and reusable test scripts that represent the different pages and features of the web application. By using API testing techniques, you can create a comprehensive test suite that covers all the integration scenarios.

Q.206 Case Study: A company has a web application that uses JavaScript frameworks like Angular or React. How would you design a Selenium test suite to handle the dynamic elements and behaviors of the web application?

To design a Selenium test suite that handles the dynamic elements and behaviors of a web application that uses JavaScript frameworks like Angular or React, you can use dynamic locators and explicit waits to handle the asynchronous nature of the web page. You can also use JavaScript executor to execute custom JavaScript code and interact with the web page elements and properties. You can also use a page object model design pattern to create modular and reusable test scripts that represent the different pages and features of the web application. By using these techniques, you can create a Selenium test suite that handles the dynamic elements and behaviors of the web application.

Q.207 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing in different environments like development, staging, and production. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the different environments?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the different environments for a web application, you can use environment-specific configuration files that define the test data and environment variables for each environment. You can also use Selenium Grid or cross-browser testing tools to distribute the test scripts across multiple environments for parallel execution. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.208 Case Study: A company has a web application that has different user interfaces for desktop and mobile devices. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the different user interfaces?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the different user interfaces for a web application with different interfaces for desktop and mobile devices, you can use mobile testing frameworks like Appium or Selendroid to automate the test execution on mobile devices. You can also use responsive design testing tools to simulate different screen sizes and resolutions and automate the test execution. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.209 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing on multiple browsers and platforms. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover all the different browser and platform combinations?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers all the different browser and platform combinations for a web application, you can use cross-browser testing tools like Sauce Labs, BrowserStack, or CrossBrowserTesting to execute the test scripts on different browsers and platforms. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.210 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for performance and scalability. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover performance and scalability testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers performance and scalability testing for a web application, you can use performance testing tools like JMeter or Gatling to simulate different user loads and measure the response times and resource utilization of the web application. You can also use Selenium Grid or cloud-based testing tools to distribute the test scripts across multiple machines for distributed load testing. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.211 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for security vulnerabilities. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover security testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers security testing for a web application, you can use security testing tools like OWASP ZAP or Burp Suite to simulate different types of attacks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and CSRF. You can also use Selenium test scripts to automate the input of different test data and observe the behavior of the web application in response to malicious inputs. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.212 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for accessibility compliance. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover accessibility testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers accessibility testing for a web application, you can use accessibility testing tools like Axe or Tenon.io to scan the web page for accessibility violations and suggest remediation steps. You can also use Selenium test scripts to automate the navigation and interaction with the web page using keyboard-only or screen-reader modes. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.213 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for compliance with regulatory requirements like GDPR or HIPAA. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover compliance testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers compliance testing for a web application, you can use compliance testing tools like OWASP ASVS or NIST SP 800-53 to define the security controls and test cases that are required for compliance. You can also use Selenium test scripts to automate the input of different test data and verify the compliance of the web application with regulatory requirements. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.214 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for localization and internationalization support. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover localization and internationalization testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers localization and internationalization testing for a web application, you can use localization testing tools like L10nTester or Applitools to simulate different languages, locales, and cultural settings. You can also use Selenium test scripts to automate the input of different test data and verify the display and behavior of the web application in different languages and locales. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.215 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for user experience and usability. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover user experience and usability testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers user experience and usability testing for a web application, you can use user experience testing tools like UserTesting or UsabilityHub to gather feedback from real users on the usability of the web application. You can also use Selenium test scripts to automate the navigation and interaction with the web application and measure the response times, load times, and error rates. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.216 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for integration with external systems like payment gateways or social media APIs. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover integration testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers integration testing for a web application, you can use integration testing tools like Postman or SoapUI to test the APIs and services that the web application integrates with. You can also use Selenium test scripts to automate the interaction with the web application and verify the input and output of the APIs and services. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

Q.217 Case Study: A company has a web application that requires testing for compatibility with different devices like mobile phones, tablets, or desktops. How would you design a Selenium test suite to cover compatibility testing?

To design a Selenium test suite that covers compatibility testing for a web application, you can use compatibility testing tools like BrowserStack or LambdaTest to test the web application on different devices and browsers. You can also use Selenium test scripts to automate the input of different test data and verify the display and behavior of the web application on different screen sizes, resolutions, and orientations. You can also use a page object model design pattern, dynamic locators, explicit waits, version control, and continuous testing as described in the previous case studies to ensure the test scripts are adaptable and maintainable.

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