Metasploit Framework is a versatile penetration testing tool that includes capabilities for vulnerability scanning. While primarily known for exploiting vulnerabilities, Metasploit can also be used to discover them using its built-in modules, integrations, and database management features.
1. What is Vulnerability Scanning in Metasploit?
Metasploit facilitates vulnerability scanning by:
- Using auxiliary modules to identify specific vulnerabilities.
- Integrating with external tools like Nmap or Nexpose for discovery.
- Analyzing scan results stored in its database to match vulnerabilities with exploits.
It provides a focused, hands-on approach to vulnerability discovery and validation.
2. Setting Up Metasploit
Ensure Metasploit is installed, updated, and configured properly. Setting up the database (optional) enables storing and querying scan results, making it easier to analyze vulnerabilities. For best results, ensure network connectivity and permissions to scan target systems.
3. Scanning with Auxiliary Modules
Metasploit includes auxiliary modules for scanning and discovery. For example, you can scan for SMB vulnerabilities like MS17-010 (EternalBlue) by selecting the appropriate module, setting the target range, and running the scan. The output will indicate whether the target is vulnerable.
4. Using Nmap Integration
Metasploit integrates with Nmap for more comprehensive scanning:
- Run an Nmap scan outside Metasploit to discover open ports and services.
- Import the scan results into Metasploit’s database for analysis.
- Match discovered services to potential vulnerabilities and exploits using Metasploit’s built-in database features.
5. Vulnerability Scanning with Nexpose Integration
For a more complete vulnerability assessment workflow, Metasploit can integrate with Rapid7’s Nexpose scanner. After configuring the integration, you can run Nexpose scans directly from Metasploit, analyze the results, and find matching exploits for the discovered vulnerabilities.
6. Matching Vulnerabilities with Exploits
Once vulnerabilities are identified, Metasploit can search its exploit database for matching modules. This allows you to understand which vulnerabilities can be exploited and how, streamlining the process from discovery to exploitation.
7. Automating Scans
Metasploit offers features to automate vulnerability discovery and exploitation:
- Use its built-in database to run scans and store results for later analysis.
- Automate the matching of discovered vulnerabilities to exploits for faster testing.
8. Reporting and Exporting Results
After completing scans, Metasploit allows you to generate reports and export results in various formats for documentation. This is useful for preparing assessment reports or sharing findings with your team.
Best Practices
- Obtain Permission: Always ensure you have explicit authorization before performing any scans or exploits.
- Use Complementary Tools: Combine Metasploit scans with dedicated vulnerability scanners like Nessus for broader coverage.
- Focus on Test Environments: Avoid scanning production systems to prevent unintended disruptions.
- Validate Results: Cross-check vulnerabilities identified by Metasploit with other tools or manual testing for accuracy.
Vulnerability scanning with Metasploit is a hands-on process that combines discovery, analysis, and exploitation capabilities. While not as comprehensive as dedicated scanners, Metasploit excels at validating vulnerabilities and preparing for exploitation. By integrating it into your security workflow, you can enhance your vulnerability assessment and penetration testing efforts.
