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Using Dijkstra SPF
Dijkstra SPF (Shortest Path First) is an algorithm used by link-state routing protocols to determine the shortest path between a source and a destination router. It is named after its inventor, Edsger Dijkstra, and is commonly used by routing protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System).
The Dijkstra SPF algorithm works by constructing a network topology map in which every router is a node and the links between them are edges. The algorithm then calculates the shortest path between each node in the network and the source router. This is done by assigning a cost to each link based on the metric of the routing protocol, such as bandwidth or delay.
The Dijkstra SPF algorithm operates in the following steps:
Initialization: The source router initializes itself and its directly connected neighbors. It also sets the cost to reach all other nodes as infinite, except for its neighbors, which are set to the cost of the respective links.
Selection: The source router selects the node with the lowest cost from the list of nodes that have not been processed yet.
Calculation: The source router calculates the cost to reach each of the neighboring nodes of the selected node by adding the cost of the link between them to the cost of the selected node. If the calculated cost is less than the current cost of the neighboring node, the new cost is updated.
Update: The source router updates its own table with the new cost of the selected node and the path to reach it.
Repeat: The source router repeats the process, selecting the node with the next lowest cost and repeating the calculation and update steps until all nodes have been processed.
Once the algorithm has completed, the source router will have a list of all nodes in the network and their associated costs. It will also have determined the shortest path to reach each node. This information is used to build the routing table of the source router, which is used to forward packets to their destinations.
Dijkstra SPF is a more efficient and scalable algorithm than distance vector routing protocols, as it allows for more granular control over network topology and requires less frequent updates. However, it can be more complex to implement and requires more memory and processing power than distance vector protocols.
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