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PSTN and Analog modems
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is a circuit-switched network that has been in use for over a century. It is the traditional voice telephone system that uses copper wires to transmit voice and data signals over long distances. In addition to voice calls, the PSTN can also carry data using a modem.
A modem is a device that modulates digital signals into analog signals for transmission over the PSTN, and demodulates analog signals back into digital signals at the receiving end. The term “modem” is short for “modulator-demodulator.”
Analog modems use the PSTN to establish a connection between two devices by converting digital signals into sound waves that can be transmitted over the phone line. The sound waves are then converted back into digital signals at the receiving end. The maximum data rate for analog modems is 56 Kbps.
Analog modems use a series of tones to establish a connection between two modems. This process is known as handshaking. Once the handshaking is complete, data can be transmitted over the phone line. However, the quality of the phone line can have a significant impact on the data transfer rate.
Analog modems are still used in some areas where broadband access is not available or is too expensive. However, they are being replaced by digital technologies such as DSL and cable modem.
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