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IP Addressing
IP addressing is a system used to uniquely identify devices connected to a network using the Internet Protocol (IP). IP addresses are essential for routing data packets between devices and networks on the internet.
IP addresses are typically represented as a series of four numbers separated by dots, such as 192.168.1.1. Each number, also known as an octet, represents a value between 0 and 255. There are two versions of IP addresses currently in use: IPv4 and IPv6.
IPv4 addresses use 32 bits to represent the address, allowing for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses. IPv6 addresses use 128 bits, which provides a much larger address space and allows for trillions of unique addresses.
IP addresses are divided into two parts: the network portion and the host portion. The network portion identifies the network to which the device is connected, while the host portion identifies the specific device on that network.
IP addresses are assigned to devices in several ways, including static assignment, where an address is manually configured on the device, and dynamic assignment, where an address is assigned automatically by a server using a protocol such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
IP addresses can also be categorized into different classes, based on the size of the network and the number of hosts it can accommodate. The most commonly used classes are Class A, B, and C.
In addition to the standard IP address format, there are also specialized IP addresses, such as multicast addresses used for streaming media, and private IP addresses used in local networks that are not routable on the public internet.
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