IDS concepts and types

IDS Concepts and Types

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a security technology that detects unauthorized and suspicious activities in a computer system or network. IDS operates by analyzing network traffic, logs, and system activities to identify and alert administrators of potential threats. The system consists of two main components: sensors and analyzers. Sensors collect data from various sources and send them to the analyzer for processing. The analyzeranalyzes the data and generates alerts based on predefined rules and signatures. IDSs are classified into three types: network-based, host-based, and hybrid.

Network-based IDS (NIDS) monitor network traffic and detect suspicious activities by analyzing packets in real-time. NIDS can detect network-based attacks, such as denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, port scanning, and network-based malware. NIDS operates by analyzing packets at the network layer, looking for patterns or signatures that indicate malicious behavior. NIDS is placed at a strategic point in the network, where it can monitor all the traffic flowing through it. However, NIDS cannot detect attacks that originate from within the host.

Host-based IDS (HIDS) are installed on individual hosts to monitor and detect suspicious activities at the host level. HIDS operates by analyzing system logs, files, and processes to identify abnormal behavior that may indicate a security breach. HIDS can detect attacks that originate from within the host, such as malware or unauthorized access attempts. HIDS can also detect system-level attacks, such as privilege escalation and modification of critical system files. However, HIDS has limited visibility into network-based attacks that do not affect the host.

Hybrid IDS combines the features of both NIDS and HIDS to provide comprehensive security coverage. Hybrid IDS monitors network traffic and host activity to detect attacks that are missed by NIDS or HIDS alone. Hybrid IDS provides better visibility into the network and the host, making it easier to detect sophisticated attacks. However, hybrid IDS is more complex to manage and may require more resources to operate.

The goal of intrusion detection is to identify intrusion activities that already occurred or are currently occurring inside an internal network. In particular, intrusion detection wants to detect intrusion activities as quickly as possible so that appropriate actions can be taken to minimize damages caused by the intrusions. It also wants to trace intruders and collect evidence to indict the criminals. A common approach to detecting intrusions is to find ways to identify abnormal events, such as finding behavior discrepancies between the intruder and the legitimate user impersonated by the intruder. This can be done by building automated tools on the basis of operating system administrations, network protocols, computational statistics, and data mining. Automated tools for detecting intrusions are referred to as intrusion detection systems.

IDS typically record information related to observed events, notify security administrators of important observed events and produce reports. Many IDS can also respond to a detected threat by attempting to prevent it from succeeding. They use several response techniques, which involve the IDPS stopping the attack itself, changing the security environment (e.g. reconfiguring a firewall) or changing the attack’s content.

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