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Ethernet Data Link Protocols and Frame
Ethernet is a family of networking technologies that use various data link layer protocols to transmit data between devices on a network. The data link layer is the second layer in the OSI model and is responsible for controlling the flow of data between devices on a network. The most commonly used Ethernet data link protocols include:
Ethernet II: Also known as DIX Ethernet, Ethernet II is the most widely used Ethernet data link protocol. Ethernet II frames have a minimum size of 64 bytes and a maximum size of 1518 bytes, with a maximum data payload of 1500 bytes. The Ethernet II header contains the source and destination MAC addresses, a type field indicating the upper-layer protocol, and a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) field for error detection.
IEEE 802.3: IEEE 802.3 is a standard that defines the physical and data link layer specifications for Ethernet networks. The IEEE 802.3 frame format is similar to Ethernet II, with a minimum size of 64 bytes and a maximum size of 1518 bytes. The IEEE 802.3 header contains the source and destination MAC addresses, a length field indicating the length of the data payload, and a CRC field for error detection.
IEEE 802.2: IEEE 802.2 is a standard that defines the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer of the data link layer. The LLC sublayer is responsible for providing a common interface for upper-layer protocols and is used to support protocols such as IP, TCP, and UDP. The IEEE 802.2 frame format includes an LLC header, which contains a destination and source service access point (DSAP and SSAP) and a control field.
Ethernet frames consist of a header, data payload, and trailer. The header contains the source and destination MAC addresses, as well as other fields depending on the data link protocol being used. The data payload contains the actual data being transmitted between devices, and the trailer contains a CRC field for error detection.
Ethernet frames are transmitted over the network using a technique called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). This technique ensures that data is transmitted reliably between devices, even if multiple devices attempt to transmit data at the same time.
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