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Autosummarization and Manual Summarization Classless and Classful Routing Protocols and Convergence
In networking, summarization is the process of aggregating multiple networks into a single summary route. This reduces the number of routes in the routing table, conserving memory and processing power. There are two types of summarization: autosummarization and manual summarization.
Autosummarization is the automatic summarization of IP networks at network boundaries. It is a feature of classful routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol version 1 (RIPv1) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). Autosummarization creates a summary route for all contiguous networks with the same network prefix. For example, if there are four networks with the network prefixes 10.0.0.0/24, 10.0.1.0/24, 10.0.2.0/24, and 10.0.3.0/24, a classful routing protocol would create a single summary route for the network prefix 10.0.0.0/22.
Manual summarization, also known as route summarization, is the process of manually configuring a summary route. It is used in classless routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPv2), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Manual summarization is more flexible than autosummarization because it allows the network administrator to create summary routes based on network topology and traffic patterns. Manual summarization can be used to create a summary route for a group of noncontiguous networks or to aggregate routes from multiple routing protocols.
Classful routing protocols do not support variable-length subnet masks (VLSMs) because they assume that all networks have the same subnet mask. This means that if a network administrator wants to use networks with different subnet masks, they must use manual summarization to create summary routes.
Convergence is the time it takes for all routers in a network to learn the current state of the network after a change in topology. Classful routing protocols have slower convergence times than classless routing protocols because they do not support VLSMs or manual summarization. This means that if a network topology changes, classful routing protocols must wait for the routing tables to converge before resuming normal operation. Classless routing protocols can converge more quickly because they can use manual summarization to reduce the number of routes in the routing table and speed up the convergence process.
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