TypeScript
TypeScript is an open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing to the language.
It is designed for development of large applications and transpile to JavaScript. As it is a superset of JavaScript, existing JavaScript programs are also valid programs. It may be used to develop JavaScript applications for both client-side and server-side (Node.js) execution.
It supports definition files that can contain type information of existing JavaScript libraries, much like C++ header files can describe the structure of existing object files. This enables other programs to use the values defined in the files as if they were statically typed entities. There are third-party header files for popular libraries such as jQuery, MongoDB, and D3.js. It headers for the Node.js basic modules are also available, allowing development of Node.js programs within TypeScript.
The TypeScript compiler is itself written in it and compiled to JavaScript. It is licensed under the Apache 2 License.
It is included as a first-class programming language in Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 Update 2 and later, beside C# and other Microsoft languages. An official extension allows Visual Studio 2012 to support TypeScript as well.
Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal, has worked on the development of TypeScript.
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