Khadi vis-à-vis textile industry for cotton polyvastra yarn

• Natural fibres used in khadi industries .
• Cotton.
• Jute.
• Flax.
• Coir.
• Silk.
• Woolen.
• Khadi fabric production.

Cotton polyvastra yarn production

• Brief on khadi yarn production.
• Hand picking of the cotton bolls.
• Hand picking.
• Ginning.
• Opening and cleaning.
• Carding.
• Combing and drawing.
• Spinning.
• Hand spinning.
• Hand spinning.
• Yarn.
• Quality of a good yarn.
• Types of yarn faults.
• Slub.
• Snarl.
• Crackers.
• Hairiness.
• Thick places.
• Thin places.
• Neppy yarn.
• Count of yarn.
• Direct system.
• Indirect system.
• English yarn count system.
• Indirect system.
• Importance of twist in yarn.
• The direction and amount of twist.
• Effect of twist on staple yarn properties.
• Types of yarn twist.
• Napping twist.
• Average twist.
• Voile twist.
• Crepe twist.

Winding  for cotton polyvastras yarn.

• Type of yarn used in khadi.
• Count range of khadi yarn.
• Characteristics of khadi yarn.
• Hank winding (reeling)
•  Warppreparation.
• Warp making.
• Definition.
• Objective of warping.
• Construction of warping machine.
• Important requirement of warping process.
• Ball warping.
• Mill warping.
• Sectional warping.
• Beam warping.
• Winding of yarn on bobbin.
• Winding yarn in the double flanged bobbin.

Sectional warping process for cotton polyvastra yarn

• Warping – using sectional warping machine.
• Sectional warping.
• Sizing.
• Drawing in.
• Denting.
• Gaiting up.
• Warp beam preparation.

Piran winding process for cotton polyvastra yarn

• Pirn winding process.
• Creel.
• Pirn holders.
• Broken thread stop motion.
• Tension devices.
• Traverse motion and layer locking device.
• Bunch building machanisam.
• Diameter controller.
• Fill pirn stop motion.
• Driving arrangement.
• Process of weaving plain weave for cotton polyvastra yarn
• Loom.
• Sequence of weaving preparatory process.
• Sizing.
• Yarn sizing and sizing process.
• Hank sizing process.
• Size solution preparation.
• Yarn sizing.
• Street sizing process.
• Materials used in size solution.
• Types of adhesive.
• Natural adhesives.
• Additives
• Lubricants or softeners
• Tallow.
• Soap.
• Japan wax.
• Weft preparation weft winding:
• Warping.
• Sectional warping.
• Sizing.
• Drawing in.
• Denting.
• Gaiting up.
• Motions of weaving.
• The primary motions of weaving are the following.
• The secondary motions are the following.
• Beating – up.
• Let off motion.
• Working of different types of primary, secondary and auxiliary.
• Loom timings.
• Elementary weaves and weaving the same with different types of  yarns for various end uses.
• Elementary weaves.
• Plain weave.
• Characteristics of plain weave.
• Fabrics with plain weave.
• Twill weave.
• Characteristics of satin  weave.
• Fabrics with satin weave.
• Development of designs on point paper.
• Method of representing the design in the point paper.
• Point paper – or design paper.
• Designation of a point paper.
• Similarly.
• Repeat.
• Design.
• Draft.
• Methods of indicating the draft.
• Importance of 5 wheel take – up motion.
• Developing weave and its repeat on the point paper.
• System of drafting.
• Straight draft.
• Pointed draft.
• Basic weaves.
• Plain weave
• Characteristics of plain weave.
• Modification of plain weave
• Rib weave.
• Matt or hospsack or dice or basket weaves.
• Ornamentation 

Counting ends and picks for cotton polyvastra  Yarn

• Counting ends and picks in the fabric
• Mending defects in the fabric

Defects Lin Khadi Cloth for Cotton Polyvastra Yarn

• Missing ends
• Float
• Weft crack or less pick
• Crammed pick (patti)
• Shuttle smash
• Temple marks
• Stains
• Lashing
• Hole in cloth
• Care to be take while weaving

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