Transaction Processing in PL/SQL
Transaction processing is a fundamental concept in database management systems, including PL/SQL. A transaction is a sequence of one or more SQL statements that are treated as a single unit of work. The purpose of transactions is to ensure that database operations are completed in an all-or-nothing manner. If a transaction completes successfully, all changes to the database are saved. If a transaction fails, all changes are rolled back, and the database is returned to its previous state.
In PL/SQL, transactions are managed using the COMMIT and ROLLBACK statements. COMMIT is used to make permanent changes to the database, while ROLLBACK is used to undo changes and return the database to its previous state.
Here’s an example of how transactions can be used in PL/SQL:
DECLARE
-- declare variables here
BEGIN
-- perform database operations here
INSERT INTO employees (id, name, department)
VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 'Sales');
INSERT INTO departments (id, name)
VALUES (1, 'Sales');
-- commit the changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- handle any exceptions here
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- rollback the transaction
ROLLBACK;
END;
In this example, we are performing two database operations (inserting a record into the “employees” table and the “departments” table). After the operations are complete, we use the COMMIT statement to commit the changes to the database. If an exception is raised during the execution of the code, the ROLLBACK statement is used to undo any changes that were made to the database.
Transaction processing is essential in PL/SQL applications because it helps ensure data integrity and consistency. By using transactions, you can ensure that your database operations are completed in a reliable and predictable manner, regardless of any errors or exceptions that may occur during the execution of your code.
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