Components

MongoDB is a popular NoSQL document-oriented database management system that stores data in JSON-like documents with dynamic schema. The components in MongoDB include:

Database: MongoDB can manage multiple databases, each of which contains collections.
Collection: A collection is a group of MongoDB documents that is similar to a table in a relational database. It can contain millions of documents, and each document can have a different structure.
Document: A document is a basic unit of data in MongoDB. It is a set of key-value pairs, where the keys are strings and the values can be any valid JSON data types.
Field: A field is a key-value pair within a document.
Index: Indexes can be created on one or more fields within a collection to improve query performance.
Shard: A shard is a subset of a MongoDB database that contains a portion of the data. It allows for horizontal scaling and distribution of data across multiple servers.
Replica set: A replica set is a group of MongoDB servers that maintain identical data sets. It provides redundancy and high availability.

Overall, these components work together to create a scalable, high-performance database system for storing and retrieving data.