Fragmentation and MTU

Fragmentation and MTU

Fragmentation and Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) are two important concepts in IP networking.

When an IP packet is sent across a network, it is often divided into smaller pieces called fragments to accommodate the MTU of the network. MTU is the largest packet size that can be transmitted over a particular network medium, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi.

If a packet is larger than the MTU of the network, it must be fragmented into smaller pieces that can be transmitted across the network. Fragmentation is done by the sending device and reassembly is done by the receiving device.

Fragmentation can cause performance problems on a network because it increases the amount of processing required by network devices. Additionally, fragmented packets can be lost or delayed in transit, which can cause additional delays and retransmissions. To avoid fragmentation and improve network performance, it’s important to ensure that the MTU is set appropriately for the network medium and that packets are not sent that are larger than the MTU. This can be done by adjusting the MTU setting on network devices or by using a Path MTU Discovery protocol to dynamically determine the MTU of the network.

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