How is MS-DOS Organized?

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system that is organized as a command-line interface (CLI). This means that the user interacts with the system by typing commands into a prompt, which is displayed on the screen.

MS-DOS uses a hierarchical file system, with files and folders organized into directories. The root directory is the top-level directory, which contains all other directories and files on the disk. Directories can contain other directories or files, and files can be located in any directory on the disk.

To navigate and manage the file system in MS-DOS, various commands are used. For example, the CD (Change Directory) command is used to navigate to a different directory, and the DIR (Directory) command is used to list the files and folders in the current directory.

In addition to the file system, MS-DOS provides various utilities and applications for managing the system and performing tasks. These include the FORMAT utility for formatting a disk drive, the EDIT application for creating and editing text files, and various other commands for managing hardware devices, network connections, and other system resources.

The Input/output system – All hardware routines are in IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS files.
The Command processor – It is in COMMAND.COM file and translates user commands.
Utilities – They increase capability and offering from MS-DOS like defrag, backup, etc.