Routing Protocol IGP and EGP and Algorithms

Routing Protocol IGP and EGP and Algorithms

Routing protocols can be categorized into two broad categories: Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) and Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP).

IGPs are used to exchange routing information within a single autonomous system (AS), whereas EGPs are used to exchange routing information between multiple ASs. IGPs include protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). EGP includes the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

Routing algorithms are used by routing protocols to determine the best path for a packet to take to reach its destination. There are several routing algorithms, including:

Distance Vector: In this algorithm, routers send their routing table to their neighbors periodically. The routing table contains the distance (number of hops) to reach a network. Each router calculates the best path based on the information it receives from its neighbors.

Link State: In this algorithm, each router sends information about its directly connected links to all other routers in the network. Each router then calculates the shortest path to each network in the network.

Path Vector: This algorithm is used by BGP. It takes into account the entire path a packet must take to reach its destination, including the ASs it must traverse.

Configuring routing protocols involves specifying which networks are directly connected to the router and which routing protocol to use. In the case of static routing, the administrator must manually enter the routes into the router’s routing table. In the case of dynamic routing, the router exchanges routing information with its neighbors and learns about the network topology. The router then uses this information to calculate the best path to each network.

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