Networking Models

Networking models provide a standard framework for communication between devices in a network. There are two main networking models: the OSI model and the TCP/IP model.

OSI Model: The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual model that defines a layered approach to communication between devices in a network. The model consists of seven layers, each of which is responsible for a specific set of functions. These layers are:

Physical layer

Data link layer

Network layer

Transport layer

Session layer

Presentation layer

Application layer

TCP/IP Model: The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model is a more practical and widely used model that is used to describe the communication between devices on the internet. The model consists of four layers:

Network access layer

Internet layer

Transport layer

Application layer

The TCP/IP model combines the functionalities of the Physical and Data Link layers into the Network Access layer, and the Session, Presentation, and Application layers into the Application layer. The TCP/IP model is widely used for communication on the internet, and most network devices and applications are designed to support it.

Both networking models provide a standard framework for communication between devices, and allow devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other. They also help in troubleshooting network issues by providing a standardized approach to network diagnosis and problem solving.